For centuries, animals in European art illustrated familiar narratives, such as hunting scenes, stories from classical mythology, or biblical passages. Artists often relied on specimens in natural history collections or animals in royal zoos as models.
During the Age of Discovery (c. 1500-1900), Europeans explored and colonized parts of the globe, returning home with massive collections of specimens. Scientists classified and catalogued these collections, in keeping with Enlightenment-era thinking of the time. The Enlightenment upheld reason and rationality as the primary way of understanding the world. In art, anatomic accuracy illustrating specific characteristics of different species was highly valued.
Romanticism arose as a reaction to the Enlightenment. Romanticism valued emotion over rationality, the heart over the head. Romantic artists believed nature was the source of profound feelings, ranging from terror to ecstasy. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s famous line, Nature, red in tooth and claw and the sinuous sculptures of Antoine-Louis Barye epitomized this romantic way of envisioning nature.
In midst of these competing societal forces came Charles Darwin, whose theory of evolution through natural selection combined elements of both Enlightenment and Romantic thought. While Darwin stressed the importance of scientifically observing animals, he also showed that observing them in their natural habitat was critically important. Adding a Romantic element, he saw life as a constant battle, a struggle for existence. For artists, this made fieldwork important, but also encouraged a dramatic worldview embracing the notion of the survival of the fittest.






- 1
- 2
- 3
Wolves: Photography by Ronan Donovan
Through April 29, 2023This exhibition features the impactful work of National Geographic Explorer and photographer Ronan Donovan. Created by National Geographic Society and the National Museum of Wildlife Art, this exhibition will display images and videos—highlighting the contrast between wolves that live in perceived competition with humans and wolves that live without human intervention.
See the Exhibit- 1
- 2
- 3
State of the Art: Student Art Show in Honor of Marion Buchenroth
Through June 4, 2023This youth art exhibit is an annual collaboration between the National Museum of Wildlife Art and art educators from Teton County schools. The several hundred works of art on display beautifully demonstrate how students grow as artists as they move through grades K-12. Each art educator and group of students interpreted the theme Transformation in their own way.
See the Exhibit